Developmental activities for a 2 year old child. Summary of a developmental lesson for young children (2–3 years old) “Mouse. To form correct speech breathing

Developing imagination.

What can you do with cotton balls?
-Make several small balls into one big ball.
-Count them.
-Hold them on different parts of the body - head, shoulder or nose.
-Walk holding the balls between your toes.
-Put them on the table and try to blow them away.

Let's study colors.

Choose any color, for example red, and put several things of that color in a container. Name the color of the toy when you ask for this or that item to be handed to you. For example: “Please give me a red ball.”
If a child hands you a red car, say: “Thank you very much for the red car, let’s look for the red ball. And here he is."
When the child learns to recognize one color, then put objects of two colors in the container. And keep playing.
This game allows your baby to learn to recognize colors.

We learn to recognize sounds.

Help your baby learn to recognize the sounds that surround him. Listen to the clock ticking, try to imitate it. Walk around the apartment and listen to different sounds. You yourself can become their source - open and close doors, knock wooden spoons against each other, pour water into a glass. Play the game with your child: “What sound do you hear now?”
You can also play this game before bed. Various sounds can disturb you during sleep. Help your baby get used to them. Birds, sirens, noise of airplanes, cars, etc. Perhaps this game will make the process of going to bed easier for you.

Help me please.

There are many household chores in which the baby can be directly involved.
Help you in the kitchen, assemble spoons, while developing dexterity and finger dexterity.
Place the pans one inside the other and cover them with suitable sized lids. Wash the table. Peel a banana, or place napkins near the appliances. Unwrap a pack of margarine, etc. Whatever the child helps with, be sure to ask him “Help me, please.”
While you are preparing lunch, give your child a variety of jars and lids. Let him select the appropriate ones and screw them onto jars.

Massage. Fun entertainment.

Rails, rails
(run your finger along the back as if you were drawing rails)
Sleepers, sleepers
(swipe as if drawing horizontal sleepers)
The train was late
(run your fist along the baby’s back, or rock the baby if he is sitting on your lap)
Then peas suddenly fell out of the back window.
(lightly tap your fingers on your back)
The ducks came - they pecked, they pecked
(knock on the back with three fingers)
The geese came and nibbled, nibbled
(pinch baby's back)
An elephant came - trampled, trampled
(tap your fists gently on the back)
The janitor came and swept everything, swept everything.
(pat the baby's back).

We learn to distinguish shapes.

Walk around the apartment and look for only one form. You can also open a magazine and look there, for example, for circles. This game can be played anywhere. Children get indescribable delight from such a game.

Development of coordination. Finger gymnastics.

The benefits of such gymnastics are undeniable. By massaging the hand and fingers, we stimulate the functioning of the baby’s internal organs and nervous system. Mother's touch, affectionate stroking, smile, soft, friendly voice bring great joy to babies, and emotional attachment arises. The child’s mood rises, he understands his mother (father) loves him. Neither TV nor listening to audio recordings will allow you to establish a close emotional connection between the child and mom and dad. In addition, finger gymnastics develops coordination of movements.

Using the index finger of one hand, touch the fingers of the other in turn. Start with your little finger.

This little kitten lost his sweater.
This little warm kitten lost his sock.
This little kitten freezes in the cold and cold.
This little kitten froze his nose.
This little kitten is sick: "apkhchi", "apchhi".
“I’d rather sit at home and knit my own socks.”
(Hide your thumb in your fist.)
Encourage your baby to repeat the same actions after you.
Let us remember Russian folk nursery rhymes and jokes:

One two three four five!
Let your fingers go for a walk!
This finger found a mushroom,
This finger was cleaning the table,
This one cut
This one ate
Well, this one just looked!
The magpie-crow was cooking porridge...
Okay, okay, where were you? By Grandma…
Another exciting activity that develops coordination of movements.
Take the rope and place it on the floor. Take the child by the hand and walk along it, while singing this rhyme:
Let's follow the thread, follow the thread
Let's follow the thread with you
Let's do it one more time.
We are jumping on a thread...
Let's follow the thread...
Tiptoeing on a thread...
You can also jump over the rope over the cotton, imagine that there is a stream there, etc.

Friends, if you want to practice systematic developmental activities with a 2-3 year old child at home, but don’t know where to start, we recommend that you read this material carefully, save the article to your favorites or print out its key points. Without going into details or dwelling in detail on individual educational games and exercises, we will tell you what you need to pay special attention to when working with children of this age, and we will tell you how to create an effective development plan.

Interesting? Then let's get started!

Physical development

Health is the main value at any age. An age-appropriate set of physical exercises is an effective tool for maintaining and promoting health. Active outdoor games are the best way of physical development in preschool age. Is your baby already 2 years old? Actively instill in him a love of sports, using all available methods.

Walking along curved lines, on a board slightly raised above ground level, over hills and bumps.
Running after a goal (catching games, for example) and/or with obstacles.
Jumps on one/two legs, in length and height, with legs raised, over obstacles (from hummock to hummock, over an imaginary river or cliff, etc.).
Obstacle courses in which you have to climb ladders, jump from object to object, walk on sensory mats, climb through a tunnel.
Active games with the ball: kicking the ball, rolling it, carrying it from one place to another, throwing it at a target (the target should be large and the distance to it small), catching and throwing it.
Morning exercises with poetry.
Dancing (rhythmic movements to music).

Fine motor skills

In addition to general motor skills, i.e. dexterity, coordination, strength, speed of movement of large muscles, it is important to develop fine motor skills of the hands. By training children's fingers to perform delicate work, you develop the baby's intellectual abilities, stimulate the speech parts of the brain, and improve the properties of children's memory and attention. To develop fine motor skills at 2–3 years old, you can still use hand massage and simple finger gymnastics exercises for babies. But do not forget to include more complex tasks for classes with a grown-up toddler.

Games with fasteners: buttons, Velcro, laces, buttons, loops. They can be sorted through, folded from one jar to another, tied, strung, sorted.
Games with a constructor.
Games with cubes.
Mosaic
Modeling from plasticine, dough, special mass for the little ones.
Crafts from scrap materials: cones, leaves, sticks, beans, cereals, pasta.

Speech development

By the age of two, a child’s vocabulary is about 50 words. Naturally, we remind you that children are different, and if your child has not yet started talking at 2 years old, there is no reason to panic, but there is motivation for more diligent pedagogical work on speech development. It is important that the little one constantly hears correct adult speech around him, that they talk to him, that he is encouraged in every possible way to express his thoughts, desires and needs using words. By the age of three, the child should already be able to correctly form phrases of 4-5 words, learn rhymes and songs, maintain a simple conversation on everyday topics, and understand verbal instructions well.

Articulation gymnastics.
Finger gymnastics, classes for the development of fine motor skills.
Expanding vocabulary (reading, conversations, watching educational cartoons and children's programs).
Making up simple stories based on pictures.
Development of phonemic hearing.
Introducing letters and sounds.
Learn nursery rhymes by heart, simple poems for the little ones.

Development of imagination

In early childhood, kids are great dreamers. Attentive attention to children's fantasies, competent work to direct them in a creative direction helps to educate a creative person with a developed imagination. It is important to understand that sometimes, carried away by the fictional world, kids give out their fantasies at face value. In this case, you cannot scold the child for lying: learn to distinguish deception from the fruitful work of the imagination. Teach your child to distinguish fiction from reality, but have tact and patience for this. Create favorable conditions for the effective implementation of creative imagination.

Drawing with pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons and crayons on asphalt, finger paints and watercolors.
Non-traditional drawing techniques: blotography, stamps, drawing with crumpled paper, mat.
Applications on given and free themes. Encourage children of primary preschool age to create tear-off appliqués and appliqués from prepared fragments. Children over three years old can already be taught to use safety children's scissors.
Read - a lot, often and with pleasure. Change intonations, read the roles, come up with new plot twists in your child’s well-known, favorite fairy tales.
Look at the pictures, make up stories based on them, imagine what the artist dreamed of when he painted this picture, or fantasize about what could have preceded the events depicted on it or what happened after them.
Role-playing games: let the child put his favorite doll to bed, prepare borscht from imaginary vegetables, or build a beautiful house, laying brick by brick.
Home theater: Show your child theatrical performances using a finger theater or toys. Involve your toddler in playing roles. Let him perform to the best of his ability in front of enchanted spectators: baby dolls and dolls, plush hares and bears, brothers, sisters, parents...

How to create educational activities for children 2–3 years old

When talking with your child, abandon the term “activity” in favor of the concept “game.” Educational games should bring not only benefits, but also pleasure. Without this, there can be no talk of effective development in early childhood.
Have a rough lesson plan for yourself, but be prepared to change the planned course of events at any time, obeying the interests and mood of the child. Do not force your child to do something that is not interesting to him at the moment, and do not force him to give up an activity that interests him without good reason.
At 2–3 years old, the child’s memory and attention are involuntary. The baby is simply unable to concentrate on anything that is not interesting to him. If you manage to hold the child’s attention on the object of study you have planned for about 7–10 minutes, we can consider that the lesson was more than successful.
Create conditions in which the child can switch from activity to activity, choose the type of activity that is most interesting for him at the moment, and demonstrate cognitive activity in a safe, inviting environment. If possible, leave creative materials, books, educational aids, and teaching materials within reach while the child is awake. Of course, child safety is a priority!
In our proposed plan, in each direction of development of a 2-3 year old child, we proposed 7 groups of classes. This means that you can take a group for every day. For example, on Monday you focus on walking along curved paths, lacing, articulatory gymnastics and drawing with colored pencils, on Tuesday you teach your baby to run over small obstacles, offer him games with clothespins, do finger gymnastics and draw with crumpled paper... But how As a rule, during the day you will repeatedly return to the same activities, alternate them in random order, or come up with new activities based on familiar games and exercises. Be prepared for this!

We wish you successful studies. May your parenting be happy! See you again!

In order for a child to keep up with his peers, he needs to create all the conditions for full development, including through a continuous learning process that begins as early as possible.

The main way to implement it is through classes, their goal is intellectual, mental and physical development. And if for one-year-old children they are simple, then after two years they become more complicated. The priority is discipline, high-quality completion of tasks, teaching order, cleanliness, gaining greater independence, respect for the results of work in the form of praise.

Classes for children 2 years old should be aimed at:

speech formation,
expansion of vocabulary,
formation of thinking and perception,
logic training,
memory and attention
development of creative abilities,
development of physical abilities.

To prevent emotional overload, make sure that their duration did not exceed 10 minutes.

Classes for 2-year-old children to develop speech and expand vocabulary

Daily communication with the child, joint games and activities contribute to the development of speech and enrichment of vocabulary. A book should be a baby's best friend. He needs to read clearly and with intonation, comment on each picture “The dog is running, the locomotive is humming ooooh,” answer questions and engage in dialogue: “What is the dog doing? How does the locomotive sound? The ABC is also a book from which letters are first learned.

Such activities for a 2-year-old child at home can bring results even in the case of a banal cartoon viewing, if the child is asked questions: “Does the kitten have a name, what is its name?”

At the age of two, children often replace some sounds with others or do not pronounce some of them at all, saying not “bunny”, but “ayka”. You need to learn the correct pronunciation.

For example, if it is “z”, then like this: “A mosquito is flying z-z-z. Tell me how a mosquito flies?” Or, showing a toy hare, ask: “Is this a T-shirt? No? Or maybe a nut? No, it's a bunny!

This is how speech develops, the articular apparatus is strengthened, and the vocabulary expands.

Classes for a 2-year-old child to develop thinking and perception

At this stage of development, the foundations of mathematical thinking are laid, so classes for 2-year-old children must be provided to study geometric shapes and counting. It’s better to start with the simple, gradually moving on to the complex.

If these are figures, then:

square,
circle,
triangle.

And later:

rhombus,
oval,
rectangle.

If the count is: one, two, three. And then - until 10.

You can build pyramids using figures of different shapes, while learning to count: “Here is one square cube and two balls.”

It will be interesting for your child to get acquainted with the color characteristics of objects, especially if he doesn’t know anything about color yet. To do this, conduct classes with a 2-year-old child on color discrimination and perception. First, they work with 3-4 colors, when he learns to distinguish them, you can double the number, learning one new color in each subsequent lesson.

Looking at the picture, say: “Look how green the tree is.”

Or, playing with a construction set: “I’m building a red tower, give me red cubes.”

You can take two boxes, put yellow toys in one of them, green toys in the other, and ask the baby: “Put a yellow duck in this box, and a green ball in this box.”

It is mandatory to pronounce the colors, but forcing the child to name them is not, the main thing is that he orients himself in them. The task is to connect a word denoting color with a visual image. If the baby made a mistake in choosing a color, he needs to be corrected.

The result is consolidated in practice: “What color apple did I give you: red, green or yellow?”

Or on the street: “What color is the tree? What color is your hat?”

The same applies to the perception of size: the child must know the relationship between the concepts “big and small”: “Here is a big truck, and here is a small one.”

The next step: explain that there are cars that are neither large nor small, but medium.

Logic classes for a 2 year old child

Logical exercises help improve memory and attention. This is a search for differences in toys and images, the disappearance of objects, their rearrangement.

For example, educational activities for 2-year-old children “What’s missing on the table?” they pass like this. Having arranged a set of dishes, they ask the child to look at the objects (there are 3-5 of them), talk about each one: “This is a cup, you drink compote from it, this is a plate, you eat soup from it, this is a spoon, you hold it with your hand.” Having chosen a moment, they remove one of them from the table and say: “Look, what’s missing here?” Having received the answer, they show the child the hidden object and praise it.

The next time, similar manipulations are done, only now something is added that was not there before, for example, a saucer. They ask the child to show a new object and talk about it. Then they change roles with the child: “I will turn away, and you hide something.”

Creative activities with a 2 year old child

They are also classes to develop imagination and expand horizons. At this age, children begin to draw with pencils and paints, and are taught to sculpt from soft plasticine and dough to gain sensory experience and improve fine motor skills.

The development of a 2-year-old child should be comprehensive, therefore he is given complete freedom in creative self-expression, while at the same time teaching the basic principles of creating images and figures, choosing proportions and colors, and reflecting the essence of surrounding objects.

Non-traditional art activities with a 2 year old child

Many people have heard about finger painting, drawing on wet paper, grain, sand, candles, monotype, etc., but only a few know that this is a new and effective teaching method that will be especially interesting for kids. It is non-traditional, so classes for 2-year-old children involve the use of specific techniques and a variety of non-standard materials for visual activities.

Intellectual abilities develop using blotography: a small pebble is immersed in watercolor, the baby makes a blot on the paper, and the mother asks: “What does it look like? To the cloud? Or a car, if we draw wheels for it?”, thereby making up a whole plot.

The child will learn with interest drawing with a candle: On white paper the wax is not visible, but if you soak cotton wool with paint and apply it to the image, a picture will suddenly appear before your eyes.

But the monotype method: use bright finger paints (thick gouache), transparent cellophane and paper. The child draws an image on the cellophane with his hand filled with paint, then the cellophane is turned over and placed on the paper, resulting in two vague drawings at once. "What is this? Maybe a forest and a river?

Musical lessons with children 2 years old

These classes are designed to develop an ear for music and a sense of rhythm, and also contribute to the development of speech and the correct pronunciation of sounds. The child needs to play children's songs and musical cartoons, sing or play instruments, use musical toys for children 2 years old or books.

Let his favorite doll speak to him in his mother’s voice, the robot sings songs and reads poetry: “Look, they want to sing you a song about the Christmas tree.” The playing music encourages dancing, so at the first chords you need to show the child a few simple movements, and he will repeat them.

Physical education classes for a 2 year old child

They develop strength and agility, coordinate movements, and are carried out at home and in the fresh air. In the room you can install a sports corner for physical education or perform simple exercises with your baby to the music: bending, squats, turns.

What to do with a 2 year old child on a walk?

For example, playing with a ball: throwing it up, ask to catch it first with one, then with the other, and then with both hands; kick the ball into the goal on the sports ground; slowly push the ball forward (“Run faster than the ball”) and let the baby overtake it.

You can also play group games: “Whose ball rolls farthest?” or, pushing the ball off the ground, “Who will jump higher than the ball?”

At the discretion of parents, the list of activities can be expanded.

Educational activities for children 2 years old - video

Two-year-old children actively explore the space of the outside world around them, and it does not matter that the baby’s methods can be very destructive in relation to things. If he has enough strength for this, he will gladly tear, crumple or break an object that gets into his hands, the main thing is that he does not get hurt himself, so supervision and supervision from the parents again. This is where an interesting question arises - what to do with a 2-year-old child at home so that he benefits and his parents have peace of mind?

A two-year-old child is strikingly different from his younger peers; he is already teetering on the brink of disobedience, trying to win his rights, since he has pronounced inclinations of character. Due to the expansion of emotional perception, children at the age of two are subject to strong and contradictory emotions, which sometimes go over the edge, so it can be difficult for parents to find a middle ground between prohibitions and permissions. Children react ambiguously to pressure, so it is not permissible when raising them - a clear but accessible explanation of why it is “possible” or “not possible” is required.

It’s worth figuring out what activities a two-year-old child will find especially useful and interesting:

And, of course, all children are drawn to unfamiliar objects, new games and activities. Therefore, you can interest them in many things that they have no idea about yet.

A special feature of the age of two is that all children’s actions become more consistent, and they can already consciously choose a theme for their play, as well as toys.

What to do with a 2 year old child at home: video

How to develop a two-year-old, and what activities are needed for this

If adults have set the task of regularly engaging with children using educational games and programs, they should know that, first of all, their child should like such a “game.” It’s good if these lessons combine elements that allow children to use all their senses, and, finally, you can play until the child gets tired of the fun or gets tired.

For the information of moms and dads, even their favorite toys can get boring for their child, which is why the entertainment offered is so different from traditional games. But for a child, this is a real adventure that can take him to a magical land.

To entertain a two-year-old baby, you will need a bit of imagination:

Laces, ribbons, ropes, zippers

To develop fine motor skills, so necessary for two-year-old children, it is not necessary to spend money on special educational games and toys. For this purpose, things that are found in every home are suitable, for example, all kinds of ribbons, frills, ties, buckles. These are laces on shoes, belts, on old clothes, you can also find many additional accessories - buttons, appliqués, fabric flowers.

After cleaning or washing the item, you can give it to the baby for fun, show how to do lacing, how to open and close zippers, and use fasteners. By attaching three multi-colored ribbons or strings to the back of a chair, you can show your child how to braid a braid correctly. The young researcher will certainly enjoy these activities, and he will be happy to begin learning new skills.

Games with hydrogel balls

Playing with hydrogel balls is another activity that can captivate a two-year-old child for a long time (but at this age, when playing with hydrogel, you need to be close to the child and make sure that the baby does not eat the hydrogel ball!) Very pleasant to the touch balls not only develop fine motor skills . which is important for two-year-old children, but also has a calming effect on the baby.

Skeins of thread, wool, pompoms

With the help of such “balls”, multi-colored and soft, you can develop your child’s motor skills, activate his thought processes and logic. Old pom-poms can be used to play cups. To do this, take ordinary plastic glasses, turn them over, and place a pompom under one of them. The child has to guess where the ball is.

Using multi-colored balls of wool, you can study color, number of objects and the basics of arithmetic with your baby. In addition, children can simply have fun winding and unwinding threads, throwing them and catching them, and get an idea of the texture of these things by touching them with their fingers and palms.

Kinetic (plastic) sand

One of the useful inventions of mankind was this very product - kinetic sand, which is also called plastic due to its unique properties of maintaining the flowability of ordinary dry sand and holding its shape perfectly, like wet sand. Thanks to these features, kinetic sand is pleasant to the touch, the child enjoys playing with it, kneading it in his hands, and pouring it from one container to another.

This develops imagination and fine motor skills, which, in turn, has an active influence on speech development. It’s not without reason that they say: “A child’s speech is at his fingertips.” Nerve endings located at the fingertips stimulate areas of the brain responsible for the development of a child’s speech. Therefore, if you don’t yet know what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, you should acquire such useful children’s entertainment. We wrote about how to make kinetic sand yourself in

Plastic sand can also be colored, placed in transparent jars; the set may contain various molds with which you can put figures, build towers, mountains, entire cities - exciting activities for a two-year-old child that he will not want to tear himself away from. See even more ideas for educational games with kenetic (living) sand.

Rags, pieces of fabric, towels, sheets

Not knowing what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, adults can try using various types of fabrics with different textures. When touching different types of texture - pieces of silk, velvet or cotton, the sensitivity of the baby's hands increases and the tactile function of the skin develops. The game can take the form of a question-and-answer game. The baby should close his eyes, feel the material and try to recognize it, simultaneously describing it in words.

Using scraps of cotton or calico, you can teach children to tie knots, starting with the simplest types. In the end, from unnecessary pieces of fabric you can make a bag for your baby for toys or other small things that he will collect. Another option is a small hammock, hung low under the table so that the baby can climb into it on his own. By adding a couple of pillows to the “building materials”, adults have the opportunity to delight their child with a homemade house, a tent, or design a swing for their favorite toys – bears, bunnies and dolls.

Pasta – cones, spirals, shells

All types of pasta are suitable for role-playing games, except noodles and thin strips; it’s good if they have different colors. This is an excellent and safe material so that a two-year-old girl can feed her dolls delicious porridge. For boys, pasta may seem like construction material that needs to be transported to a construction site in the back of toy cars.

Old equipment out of order

Many children perceive real, adult things with great interest. If there are old cell phones, calculators, headphones, wool clippers in the house, all this can be given to the child. He will enthusiastically study them - he will start, of course, by pressing buttons, but soon he can get to the insides of the device, and here parents will have to control the process, because children are big fans of putting small parts in their mouths.

Hole punch and strings

An excellent idea is to prepare thick sheets of cardboard for the baby, preferably multi-colored. First, you can instruct the child to make more holes, and then provide him with laces, ropes or ribbons. Let mom or dad secure the first lace with a knot and ask the child to continue creating his work of art; for sure, something interesting and unusual will come out of this idea.

Tubes, bottles, jars

Two-year-old children show special interest in transparent jars, as well as in any containers. After all, you can put something in them, and kids enjoy opening and closing these little lids. You can pour beads or nuts into a transparent bottle, and then you get a rattle. You can also practice pouring water using these items.

Boxes and boxes

Cardboard and paper boxes, matchboxes, packaging for cosmetics, medicines, and household appliances are especially attractive to young children. After all, this material can make an excellent house for dolls, a piggy bank where you can put various important little things, and you can make a car from large boxes. Candy boxes are suitable as a frame for children's drawings.

Salt dough and plasticine

For the development of creative abilities, ordinary salt dough is the best choice, which is in no way inferior to store-bought plasticine or expensive polymer clay. It is easy for a child to wrinkle and roll it out, it does not get dirty. If you make a thin pancake out of it, your son or daughter can easily create a picturesque picture on it using matches, beads, buttons, dry twigs and leaves, threads, and cereals.

Sand, salt, cereals

In fact, in order to enrich the child's tactile experience, you can use other bulk materials, such as small gravel, coins, glass beads, aquarium soil, beads, small nuts, beads, small buttons and much more. For a variety of games, cereals can be painted (we wrote about how to color rice in). Games can be very different. This includes sifting using strainers with large and small cells of different types of cereals. You can start with two, for example, semolina and buckwheat, gradually adding other components. A two-year-old child can be asked to draw with semolina (read more about drawing on semolina in)

If the baby is not yet ready for such manipulations, you can start sorting larger and smaller fractions. Small materials - salt or sand - are suitable for creating paintings; you just need to pour them into a low tray or baking sheet, level them and let the child create his masterpieces with his fingers. First, the parent will have to teach this to his son or daughter - show him how to do it correctly.

Later, the baby will be able to make beautiful appliques on his own, pouring colored semolina or other cereals onto a pre-drawn image. Of course, you can just do the pouring, but then it is better to use transparent containers or containers.

Business board and magic chest

A purchased busy board is a board with all sorts of details attached to it that should interest the child. You can create such a thing with your own hands from a sheet of chipboard, the corners of which will need to be turned in advance. The front side should be bright and attractive - you can stick bright images of your baby’s favorite characters or colorful fairy-tale pictures on it.

Next, it remains to reliably fix a variety of things on such a stand, starting with small toys - balls, pom-poms, old wristwatches, and ending with a mobile phone, padlocks, sockets, buttons, empty jars, pens without rods, a street bell, switches. The more different details, the more interesting it is for a two-year-old. Playing with a magic chest (handbag or pouch) is of a similar nature, and the child can periodically take it out and examine his treasures. The main thing is that all items are clean and safe.

Understanding what to do with a 2-year-old child at home, adults should not forget about such classic ways of entertaining and educating the child as reading good books, listening to music and singing, daily physical exercises carried out in the form of games and instilling a love of sports, because such types developments are most effective and always relevant.

Educational games for children 2 years old: video

Every year of a child’s life is marked by the acquisition of new knowledge, skills and abilities. Psychologists say that the period from 2 to 3 years is very important for the development of children. It is at this age that they accumulate experience that they will use throughout their lives. This is a kind of base on which the baby will rely in the future.

2-3 years of age is transitional. The baby has not yet gotten rid of the behavior model of a young child, but is already trying to express his “I”. He's emotional. It is still difficult for him to focus on one subject for a long time. However, he already knows how to focus on one type of activity for 15-20 minutes, of course, if it interests him.

Due to the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional development of a two-year-old child, his main activity is play. Through play activities and exercises, his mental, psychological and social development is carried out. On the other hand, the game should not be aimless. In order for every minute of play to benefit the baby, it is necessary that the exercises be aimed at:

Development of logical thinking;
Oral speech;
Attentiveness;
Hand motor skills;
Intellectual abilities;
Studying the properties of objects;
The surrounding world;
New concepts and phenomena.

This article offers a home program of effective and interesting activities for organizing leisure time with a 2-3 year old child. If you do them regularly, he will learn:

- Orientate in space, determine time;
- Classify objects according to general characteristics (for example, color, shape, origin);
- Say your age, count;
- Putting together puzzles;
- Distinguish the properties of objects (for example, hardness, weight, size);
- It's better to talk;
- Breathe correctly;
- Pronounce new words, name objects;

Concentrate attention;
Make conscious choices;
Manipulate small objects;
Understand natural phenomena.

Exercises to develop logical-mathematical thinking

These simple game techniques lead to the formation of logical thinking in a child. You can include any number of games listed below in one lesson. You should focus on the emotional and physical state of the baby. If he feels well, long sessions are allowed. They consist of the following exercises:

We master space and time. Take any toy, hide it and invite your child to find it. You should guide the child with hints, for example, “Let’s look in the closet/under the table/bedspread, maybe there’s a bear there?”
We distinguish the time of day. The game is suitable for three-year-old children. The purpose of the exercise is to teach the child to distinguish between morning and day, evening and night, as well as concepts such as today, yesterday, tomorrow. It’s better to talk about time during the day, for example, at breakfast, tell your child what time of day it is, and before bedtime, ask what he did in the morning, during the day, and before going to bed.
Learning to sort. You can sort anything by similarity: buttons, cereals, pieces of colored paper, vegetables, fruits. For example, you can sit down 2 toys (a monkey and a rabbit) and “feed” them with suitable foods.
Learning to count. It is better to start mastering mathematics not with numbers, but with things that a child can understand. Count objects around you (stairs, steps, fingers, toys). Teach your child to show on his fingers his current age and how old he will be.
Putting puzzles together. This is still a difficult task for a two-year-old. You can’t do this without your mom’s help. Focus on the age of the baby and do not take multi-component puzzles. Pictures from 2-6 parts are suitable. Of the two options “a complex puzzle - mom’s help” and “a simple puzzle, but on your own” - choose the second one.
Let's learn to compare. Already at 2 years old, the child is ready for such a game as “a lot and a little.” Lay out 2 piles of buttons in front of the baby, let him orient himself where there are more and where there are fewer.
We compare objects. This exercise is easy to do while reading books. Ask your child questions “who eats what”, “where is whose tail”, based on the pictures.
We are looking for figures based on 2 characteristics. Make paper blanks of two different colors and different sizes. Ask your child to find similar pairs.

Exercises to develop oral speech

Classes for speech development do not require special knowledge and skills from adults. The main thing is to treat the baby with love and patience, and very soon his pronunciation will become clearer. It is important that the child finds it interesting in such classes, otherwise it will not be possible to hold his attention and the information will not be perceived. The following are general exercises that can be done in one set or throughout the day:

Reading. Take an interesting book designed for ages 2-3 years. Such books usually have large font and pictures. While reading a fairy tale or rhyme, be sure to discuss the plot of the story with your child. Ask your child questions and praise if he answers correctly. Give hints if he is having a hard time.
Puppet show. The attribute of the game can be special dolls purchased in a store, or toys familiar to the child. The first performance is staged by an adult, as an example. Then the child is connected to the game. Trust him with the most important role. Let him be the director of the play.
Speech breathing. Show your child how to hold his breath as he exits. To make it interesting for your baby, use candles, pipes, nozzles, and soap bubbles. In summer you can blow away dandelions. Such exercises, despite their apparent ease, perfectly saturate the body with oxygen and improve the functioning of the heart and brain.
Game "Finish the sentence." Start saying a phrase and let the child finish it. You can take situations from life, for example, “There is a red one here...”, “Our dog likes to walk...”.

At 2-3 years old, the child already speaks a little. It is possible that he uses distorted words. To correct pronunciation, consolidate and expand speech skills, the following exercises are used:

We describe the street. Ask your child simple and understandable questions: “What do you see under the window?”, “What are passers-by doing on the street?” Let the answers be short, the main thing is that the baby wants to answer.
Activating passive vocabulary. A 2-year-old child understands more words than he can pronounce. Try to talk through all the events of the day with him, even the banal: “what he ate,” “how he slept,” “who he played with.” The exercise will not only improve pronunciation, but also teach the child to share his life with his mother.
Let's retell the fairy tale. By the age of 2–3 years, children already know some fairy tales. Invite your little one to retell any story with you. Start and let him continue. Don't forget to praise him for every correct answer. Moderate praise creates a positive attitude towards learning.
We learn adjectives. Ask the question “which one?” more often. Let the baby learn to describe the object. At first, he may repeat the words after you, and then use them independently. It’s good if the child himself, without prompting, can name at least one adjective.

It is important that parents monitor their own speech. The more competently and correctly they speak, the more intelligently the child will speak. Set a good example for your children!

Exercises to develop attention

Attention can also be trained through games. The ability to concentrate, pay attention to details, and think will help the child in the future when he goes to school. At the age of 2-3 years, a child can be interested in the following games:

Find the thing. You can search in any convenient place: outdoors, at home. Ask your child to find the white car or find the animal in the picture. The good thing about the game is that it does not require special training, but it perfectly develops attention. The main thing is to interest the baby, and he will play with pleasure.
Find a common feature. Place objects in front of your child that share one characteristic. For example, everyone has the same pattern or some color, image, geometric figure. It is important that the items be diverse: a mitten, a saucer, a picture in a book.
We build according to the drawing. You need to prepare for this game. Children's stores have a lot of games with drawings. Choose a set according to age and let your child build a tower or house on their own. The game can consist of 2-6 items.
We are looking for 2 signs. The child is asked to find things with two identical characteristics, for example, big and round.

Exercises to develop gross and fine motor skills

It has been proven that fine motor skills are directly related to the level of intelligence and speech of children, so much attention should be paid to strengthening them along with exercises for the development of cognitive processes. A 2-3 year old child can be occupied with:

Modeled. High-quality plasticine of different colors will do. Involve the study of colors in the process.
Applique. This activity will not only strengthen your fingers, but also develop creative thinking.
By drawing. One of the children's favorite activities. You can draw with pencils, paints, felt-tip pens.
Buttons. There are special play complexes with similar exercises, but you can also play with parental clothes.
Dressing and undressing. Let your child dress up the doll themselves or get ready to go outside.
Playing with water. It's better to play with children's dishes. It is made of special plastic and is completely safe. Allow your baby to play around in the water using a tiny teapot and cups.
Hand washing. Teach your child to wash their hands without the help of others, after a walk and before eating. At the same time, he will learn the rules of hygiene.
The game "Fisherman". Balls or small toys will do. Throw them into the water and have your child fish them out with a spoon.

There are many more games that you can organize right at home: collecting water with a washcloth, pipette, moving cereal with tweezers, closing bottles. These and other games are an effective way to strengthen hand motor skills.

Exercises to develop intellectual abilities

Here we will talk about art, because it is a powerful tool for personal development. 2–3 years is a good age for developing a child’s intellectual abilities, developing taste and creative perception of the world. Simple exercises will introduce him to:

Music. Be sure to include listening to classical works in your daily routine. Place them as a background when reading fairy tales, during creative activities. Encourage the desire to dance.
By drawing. At 2 years old, the baby’s drawings become more conscious. For the first time he tries to draw himself and his loved ones. He uses circles, lines, squares. The child tries to paint over his drawing without crossing the lines. Draw with him. Draw a diagram of the sun or an animal on paper, and let the baby complete it himself. It's good to use finger paints. They develop fine motor skills and help them learn colors.
Role-playing games. Let your child come up with a game scenario on their own. Dolls and yourself can become its characters. It is better to take plots from life: go to the store, send the doll to the doctor, to school or kindergarten. It is important that the child is the main one in this game. If there are other children in the family, involve them in activities. They will help the baby master role-playing games faster.

Arrange themed days and weeks for children. During this period, you can study a specific topic. You should take into account the baby’s preferences and focus on his mood. Gradually fill his life with creativity, music and painting. Discuss with him his experiences, how he feels when he draws or listens to a melody. Step by step, you will be able to interest the child, and he himself will invite you to do creativity.

Exercises to study the properties of objects

If a child knows the properties of an object, he can easily find where and how to use it, so this is one of the most important skills for a child at the age of two. Skills activate abstract thinking, allow you to compare, compare objects, use the sense of smell and touch. It is important for the child to remember:

Size: large, small, narrow;
Weight: heavy, light;
Condition: warm or cold, hard or soft;
Similarity of objects: same, different;
The color of the item;
Shape: round, square.

The main technique of the game is to name and group objects according to their properties. This also includes exercises for sensory development. The following toys are suitable:

Fabric bags with different fillings;
Constructors: large Lego cubes, sorters, pyramids;
Mosaics made of plastic, wood.

Getting to know the world around you

For the harmonious development of children, just classes on logic, mathematics and attention are not enough. It is necessary to gradually introduce him to all the riches of the surrounding world, teach him to be a part of society and nature. The information that he will receive during the familiarization process should be simple and understandable and age appropriate. The following classes are offered:

We study animals. We learn about new animals, what their body parts are called, their babies, what they eat and where they live. We tell you what role the animal plays in nature and in human life. For example, a cow gives milk, and a chicken gives eggs.
We study birds. Explain to your little one the difference between domestic and wild birds, what benefits they bring to people, what they eat, and how we can help them in winter.
Let's get acquainted with insects. It is important to build a story in a positive way. Bugs and spiders also have babies, they benefit the environment, because every living creature has its place in nature.
We observe nature. It is necessary to explain where rain, snow and other atmospheric phenomena come from.
We study the flora of the area. On walks, draw your child’s attention to flowers and plants, tell them what they are called.
We teach fruits and vegetables. Learn the names of common foods with your child. Test his knowledge, for example, ask him to choose an apple or banana from a bowl.
We distinguish between materials. Explain what things around us are made of. They are wooden, metal, paper.

The purpose of such conversations is to develop curiosity. Never refuse to tell your child something new if he asks. Encourage his desire to develop!

Learning new concepts

It is important to give the child general concepts. There is no need to overload it with details. He won't remember them now. You can make a list of topics and explore a new one every day. The following topics are suitable for classes:

Shop;
Clinic;
Sea World;
I and my family;
Transport;
City.

At 2–3 years old, a child can already systematize the first knowledge about human life. Discuss with him:

Professions. Tell us who works in the clinic, on the railway, in the store.
Human labor. Explain that any work should be appreciated. Everyone has their own responsibilities: mom washes the dishes, and dad fixes the faucet.
Body parts. When talking about the human structure, do not forget to mention personal hygiene.
Household appliances. Be sure to emphasize that it can be dangerous if used incorrectly.

Our website also presents a series of online games and exercises aimed at developing thinking, attention and memory. They are created taking into account known methods, so regular classes contribute to the effective development of cognitive processes.

Working with a child on your own is not difficult. Some exercises can be performed while walking and traveling, others require preparation. However, such activities will become a powerful basis for the subsequent development of the child. He will understand the world better and feel safe in it.